5 X 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 X 2 - Coursework Example izona, were killed by a flash flood that had its origins in a distant, unseen cloudburst.   Flash floods commonly occur during Arizona’s monsoon season, and are chiefly caused by short-lived rainfall (Arizonas Geologic Hazard Center, 2006). Some of the losses associated with floods are the damage caused to farmlands. Flooding also damages roads, collapses bridges and results in traffic congestion; which may affect day to day life. Moreover, flooding spreads infectious diseases like military fever, pneumonic plague, dermatopathia, dysentery, common cold -type A, and breakbone fever (Effects of Flooding, 2004).   ADEM administers the flood management assistance program, on behalf of the federal government. It constitutes the major source of funds that are deployed for the express purpose of flood mitigation. In addition, the ADEM spreads awareness, regarding the basic steps that everyone must adopt, as part of flood damage mitigation activities. As such, with respect to floods, the ADEM has a comprehensive mitigation and risk response plan (Floods, 2003). The skeletal muscles are muscles that are directly attached to the bones by the tendons. They are made up of striated muscle tissue. These muscles permit the movement of joints, by the forces that they bring to bear on the bones. Such force is the result of the contractions and expansions that these muscles undergo. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control. This can be understood as conscious control from the brain generates signals that simulate the movement of these muscles. Smooth muscles are involuntary, non-striated and present in hollow organs, such as the bladder and in the blood vessels. They can be simulated directly by the central nervous system. The autonomous nervous system generates signals that control the movement of these muscles, which are rhythmic and automatically controlled. The cardiac muscle is a striated muscle, found in the heart. To ensure coordinated contractions and relaxations

The supermarket industry in UK

The supermarket industry in UK The supermarket industry in UK In UK, there are a huge amount of large supermarkets and people in British are usually go to these kinds of supermarket once a week, for example, Tesco, Sainsburys, ASDA. Even though the supermarket industry in UK is not as well as the supermarket industry in America; however, it is an important part for people who living in British and a large part of supermarket is adopt the chain structure to operate and it is all over the town. Therefore, the marketing mix of the UK supermarket industry can be shown as in four parts. The price in the UK supermarket industry have connection between each firms because the price rigidity. Turning to the place of the UK supermarket industry may build in suburbs or in the city which may benefit for the consumer to choose and it have developed the service which can shop on the internet. And the promotion of the UK supermarket, they may use some advertisement in the website and billboard. This essay will be structured as four parts which is the backgrou nd of the supermarket in UK, the characteristics of oligopoly, the advantages and disadvantages of the market structure for consumer and conclusion. Moreover, the supermarket in UK can be described as an oligopoly market so that the competitive in the UK supermarket industry is very altitudinal. The characteristics of oligopoly can be divided into four parts which is non-price competition, price rigidity, L-shaped average cost curves and collusion. The structure of the oligopoly market is there is a small amount of interdependent firms which compete with each other and it can be used barriers to entry to the industry. Furthermore, the oligopolistic firms may focus on the firms which relative to their industry to consider the supply. (Anderton A, 2004) The important characteristic is the clash between cooperate and self regard. The oligopoly group will produce less goods and gather the price which higher than the marginal cost. Thus, each sellers activity may have a great influence to the other firms profit. (Mankiw N, 2009) In addition, the supermarket industry in UK is similar with the oligopoly structure. Firstly, oligopoly is dominated by few large companies which mean collusion that plan the device and make profit together. Even though the UK supermarket industry is very competitive and beneficial; however, there are four main firms in the industry which play an important role and the other firms will focus on the niche market to exist. The four firms are known as Tesco, ASDA, Sainsburys and Morrisons which are running grocery structure. The big four have become an oligopoly market structure that they have combined share of 76% of the market at the end of 2008. (BBC news, 2010) This can be seen as barriers to entry to the other various smaller companies. According to the BBC news (2010), there are about 50 UK supermarket chains have defunct. Furthermore, the price between each firms have made a price rigidity which will retain a permanent level. The supermarket market structure in UK can be seen as oligopoly market and it have brought the benefits and disadvantages for consumer. Firstly, according to the Tutor2you (2007), non-price competition has play an important role in the sales of supermarket. Because of the highly competitive of the supermarket industry in UK, firms will increase market share and use tactics to sale promotion, such as store loyalty cards, banking and other financial service and extension of opening hours. (Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4694974.stm) This figure can be shown that Tesco was dominant in the supermarket share research. Moreover, BBC news (2006) list that Tescos market share remains rising and not only this supermarket but also other supermarkets have an upward tendency such as Sainsburys. It can be seen that the measure that Tesco have use is successful to assist the company. Besides, each firm will bring out there preferential measures and provide to the consumers which can allow them to choose and every measure may have their attraction. Secondly, oligopolistic firms are very superior in the market regularly and production capacity is generally larger which means that the firms have ability to resist the risk and have advanced management technique. It is beneficial to consumers because it have indemnity that consumers can buy with confidence. However, it also bring disadvantage for consumer in two ways. First of all, one of the characteristic of the oligopoly market is interdependence between each company which means one of the companies may consider the reaction of the other firms in the marketing such as making price and some investment decisions. It may obtain the suitable profit that each oligopoly firms would satisfactory with it. Moreover, for the consumer, it may decrease the preference and the price will become indeterminacy because the price may fluctuate by the oligopoly firms. The firms may combined together and gain the monopoly price which can acquire monopoly profits. (Tutor2U, 2007) Firms may also bull operation and it is far beyond the real value of the product. It is bad for consumer because it will und ermine the interest of its consumers. According to the Top retailing (2008), because of the rising price of fuel and food which allow people seek the cheaper price. All in all, based on the characteristic of the UK supermarket and the advantages and disadvantages of the market, the oligopoly structure should pay more attention to the measure which can give people the benefit while they can make the profit. The non-price competitions which can allow consumer seek a high quality and service among the similar price between each supermarket. Company should not in their own interest but also consider the consumer that it should have many considerations such as technical and geographical to improve and perfect the system such as different discounts to the customers. Moreover, company can make a research to identify competitive suppliers, understand the information of supply market and efficient commodity strategy. 4. Reference Anderton A. (2004) Economics (3rded.) Ormskirk, Causeway Press Ltd. [Assets date: Feb, 4th] BBC news (2006), Business Economics (2009), UK supermarkets, oligopolistic competition Oligopoly watch (2003), British grocery oligopoly Structure of industry, the economics of supermarkets Author: Robert P. [Asset date: Feb, 4th] Top retailing (2008), Grocery share Author name: Nesbitt L. Tutor2U (2007), Oligopoly [Asset date: Feb, 5th]

Circumcision To Be Or Not To Be :: essays research papers

To be or not To Be? â€Å"Push! Push, I can see it crowning. Don’t stop keep pushing.† The doctor says in a deep but calming voice. â€Å"I can see it, I can see it! Here it comes!† says John with tears of excitement in his eyes, as he looks at his beautiful wife Nechelle, who is about to give birth to their first child, will it be a boy or a girl he wonders. â€Å"I see its head, one more push here it comes Oh my god it’s here, it’s a boy Yes it’s a boy! We will name him John Jr.† John shows all the signs of a man who is completely excited about having a newborn son, but the truth is that in the back of his mind there is question, a dark scary question, that John still has no answer to. â€Å" Should his son be circumcised?† To be or not to be that is really and truly the question. Before John can make a wise, educated decision he must first understand what circumcision is, why it is done, how it is done, how it affects the natural functions of the penis, and what the alternatives are. â€Å"Circumcision is a surgical procedure in which the skin covering the end of the penis (called the foreskin) is removed exposing the glans (head or tip of the penis)†(Love) The procedure is usually done on infants in the first few days of their life. A doctor does the procedure. Circumcision is an ancient and widespread practice. Some cultures as wide spread as the aborigines of Australia, to the Kazakh of Russia circumcises their male children. â€Å"An Egyptian inscription from around 4000 BC refers to the procedure. Male mummies have been found to be circumcised.† (Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality 118) According to the Old Testament god commanded Abraham to circumcise all males of his household. The religious, spiritual and emotional reasons for circumcision differ greatly from a pact with god, to showing your faithfulness to a tribe by having your son publicly undergo the procedure. But are there any medical justifications for circumcision? According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 1971 †There are no valid medical indications for circumcision in the neonatal period.† Recently however the AAP reconsidered its position. In 1989 it concluded that circumcised male infants have â€Å" potential medical benefits and advantages, after all uncircumcised males have eleven times more urinary tract infections.

Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower Essay

Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel, parable of the sower was authored by Octavia E. Butler. The novel was published in 1993. It is the first book in a two-book series of science and fiction books written by Octavia E. Butler which is set in a prospect where the government has collapsed. The novel is centered on Lauren Olamina a young woman who has the ability to feel and perceive pain and many other sensations of others. She develops a benevolent religious and philosophical religion in her childhood in the remaining parts of a gated community in Los Angeles (the writer has dubbed this hyperempathy). During that time, there is increased resource scarcity and high levels of poverty which has led the civil society to revert to relative anarchism. As soon as the community’s security is compromised, her home is shattered and her family is murdered. After the incidence that led to loss of her parents, Lauren Olamina travels to North together with other survivors to go and try to start a new community where her faith- Earthseed can grow and thrive. The novel describes the conditions the society is going through in the city of California in 2024. The city has turned to hell and this has led to creation of three classes of people who are miles apart financially and in their societal status .i.e. the poor, the middle class and the rich. The poverty and insecurity levels not only in California but also in the whole of America are very high with different politicians giving empty promises on how they will alleviate the situation. Against such unpleasant background, Butler presents her intelligent heroine, Lauren who is believed to be thoughtful and independent girl who apart from thinking about herself she suffers from what the writer terms as â€Å"hyperempathy syndrome†- She is exceedingly sensitive to the agony of others, feeling it as if it were her own. It is this feeling that keeps pressuring her to change not only the belief system but also economically change the society and redeem her people from the anguish they are going through. Lauren does not acknowledge the belief system of her elders but make an effort to start her own system that is true according to her experience and that is accorded with common sense and observation. From the novel we get to know that Lauren acquired the â€Å"hyperempathy syndrome.† from her drug-addicted mother who died while giving birth to her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is no freedom in Laurent’s society. At the onset of the novel, we find Lauren, her family and other families that live within the walled neighborhood living as virtual prisoners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Any time they want to go outside they must be armed. They live under endless siege resulting from drug addicts and thieves who aimlessly wander the streets outside. These drug addicts are desperate and many a times they break into their neighborhood, burn, steal and rummage whatever they can. In Laurent’s society, there are is no potentials for the young that are within the walls-they will continue to get poor due to lack of jobs and their lives continue to worsen slowly. For example what Bianca Montoya-seventeen year old expects when she marries is to live in a garage-like house. The national government is helpless to improve the condition. The sole option for Laurent’s people is moving to urban of Olivar’s company. But for the people who consider this option, they do so for the sake of their security and not for freedom reasons since the company will assume responsibility of each part of their lives- Lauren refuses t o go to Olivar. She instead journeys to the north for freedom despite the fact that she is aware of the danger of thejourneyand she does not clearly know her endpoint. Most of those people that travel with her are doing so as to escape virtual slavery. For example Zahra Moss escaped frequent fight from her husband, Allie Gilchrist and Jill were escaping slavery from their father who had forced them to prostitution and Jill and Allie Gilchrist was running from her employer who is enslaving her due to her debtr. Laurent’s arrival at Bankole’s property gives her to choose on of whether to stay there or not. Though survival in this new place is challenging, they have the privilege of freeing from outside oppression unlike their counterparts who sojourned to Olivar. (Butler 204).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the novel, the author tries to point out the theme of Self-reliance. For instance, even when Laurent is young of age (at the age of fifteen years) she already has the knowledge of the state of her community-that it is doomed and that no one is ready to deliver it from the turmoil. This encourages her to live a self-reliant life and not to depend on any external authority to help her such as the police who are very corrupt-the rule of law in the community has broken down. This also encourages her to read everything that would help her know how to continue to exist when the time is ripe for her to leave Robledo (her community). For example, she learns how to use guns and how to handle medical emergencies. Once they start sojourning, Laurent and her group survive because of attentive and using their resources in a more wise way. After reaching the land where they intend to build their first Earthseed community, they still require to be s elf-reliant. Since there are no careers in this new area where they build their first Earthseed community, they have to nearly start from scratch and upkeep themselves by what they can cultivate and sell. Self-reliance therefore becomes a basic principle of the Earthseed religion. According to this religion which was founded by Laurent, it is imprudent for people to foolishly wait upon God to come and help them –they have to toil so as to bring food onto their table. It is their obligation to mold their own destiny based on their personal efforts. (ch. 11).According to Butler (158), the novel also shows the collapse of community and the steady reconstructing of another one. Societal orders are almost broken in Robledo in 2024 and the only places where community seems to exist is within the walled areas in which the middle class and the rich people live a normal live. Though the people in the walled areas where the middle class live do not like one another, they take the respo nsibility to defend their neighborhood. This community is doomed and at the end when it is invaded; there is nothing left but pandemonium and anarchy. In this chaotic world, Laurent and her community must learn the links of affection and trustworthiness that bring bond people in unison. In Laurent’s new community, there is sense of community-hood, togetherness and loyalty to the ideals of the society. For example, after Jill Gilchrist is killed, Lauren consoles and comforts Jill’s sister, Allie (Ch. 24). This is advancement on the process of forming the Earthseed community of people that share common values and value one another. (Butler 182).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel also reveals a poor religion which Laurent is against. According to the Baptist religion where Laurent’s father is a minister, they foolishly depend on God. They believe that their God can do everything for them and therefore there is no need for struggle. This kind of religion has contributed to the increased levels of poverty in the community. This is why Laurent challenges her father’s faith. She completely rejects his father’s religion and instead creates her own-Earthseed which exclusively believes in toiling for one’s survival instead of foolishly waiting upon God. (ch. 7).Contrary to Laurent’s success after challenging her father’s religion, Keith-Laurent’s young brother after challenging his father religion chooses a detrimental course which ends in his demise. He struggles to be independent by running from his father’s religion but this independence costs him his li fe (ch. 9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Margalit (6), Even though America is still in presumption democracy, there is no one in Laurent’s family and neighborhood that is ready to vote except her father. Basic goods are scarce and high-priced. Outside the enclosed neighborhoods, there is anarchy. People have entered in all types of depression. For example, drug addiction and disease is rampant, corpses lie all over the streets and many people are starving and homeless. The federal government keeps talking about alleviating the situation, but it is basically immaterial to most people’s lives. The police have worsened the situation also as they charge a fee before investigating a crime. References Octavia E. Butler. Parable of the Sower. United States: Four Walls Eight Windows press, 1993.Print. Fox, Margalit. â€Å"Octavia E. Butler, Science Fiction Writer, Dies at 58†³ journal of science fiction, (2003). Source document

Managerial Role Essay

Even though the employees are the prime workers in any organisations managers have to manage their employees and even he has to manage the external atmosphere at and around the organisation to run the organisation in an admirable path and their by achieving the predetermined goals. Here I would like to present the manager’s job in an organisation with an example of an interview and with my research work. I took an interview from a manager of software Solutions Company a small scale information technology based company in Australia. hile interviewing him we come across some of the important qualities of a manager According to him a manager should have a good academic qualifications like a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in any of the administrative fields, unless and until if a manager have a good academics he may not be able to solve academic problems in his company. He should also have good communicative skills and interactive skills, marketing ability, managing the customers and a good personality. R. W. Griffin defines manager as a person who first of all is responsible for realization of management process. In particular manager is â€Å"the person, that makes plans and decisions, organizes, supervises and controls human, finance and information resources† (Griffin 2000). I totally agree to the above statements as they said a manager should have a good academic qualification and he even should have a good personality to operate all the above mentioned functions. Unless a manager possesses them he/she can’t keep his company in a better position. He also stated that he has to interact with many people in his day to day life as his company is an IT based company deals with the problems in the technological aspects in hardware and software. He should have proper capability to face many new customers in his day to day life and to a lot his employees for the solution of the customers’ problem. He should attend the customer in his own office or at other private places in favour of customers’ flexibility. He has to take care of his employees, the resources he is utilizing, the marketing staff, more important the customers who are their bread and butter. Doing this he has to keep an eye on the technical advances in his field and on his competitors. So here I understand that managers’ job is much crucial job in any company and he has to be in up-to-date at things that are happening at and around his company. Many managers attain success by coordinating his/her employee effect, in turn obtaining success to the organisation. He states that in his list of people he has to interact in his everyday life the customers are his prime concern because they the main source of the companies’ income unless a customer satisfied with the employees work, he would not pay the amount. So in this relation I came to know that there exists a mutual benefit relationship between the customer and the company hence it is a good example for reciprocal relationship. â€Å"The needs to better understand customer behaviour and the interest of many managers to focus on those customers who can deliver long-term profits have changed how marketers view the world† (Russell S. Winer). The author says that consumers can change the performance of a market and the running style of an organisation hence a good manager should always keep his eye on such type of consumers. Next comes his employees, a good manager should maintain a good interaction with his employees. According to him â€Å"a good manager should look after their employees and he should be their well-wisher†. He says that a good interaction between a manager and his employees builds up a positive energy in the workplace results in better performance of the employee leading to success of the employee as well as the company. He even said that he will help his employees in various ways like allotting them regular and flexible working hours, monitoring their work, giving feedback whenever necessary and solving their issues regarding their work and in their lives. This shows there exists a reciprocal relationship with in them. He said that he has only 4 regular employees working currently with him and hires others whenever necessary. According to Katuria. M in his article named â€Å"three ways to built successful employee manager relationship† he stated that â€Å"the only relationship more important to an organisation than the ustomer-company relationship is the manager- employee relationship and according to the exit interview the no. 1 reason people leave their job is because of their improper relationship with the manager†. Going through all the above conversation I totally agree to both of them and I strictly believe in good manager- employee relationship which aids in success of the com pany and its employees. â€Å"An organisation grows and evolves new positions are added, senior managers have to find a way to tie all these departments together. Coordination refers to the quality of collaboration across the departments. It is required whether there is a functional, divisional or term structure†. (Draft 2012) this statement explains the most responsible duty of a manager in a growing company. It tells us that in a rapidly growing company the managers play a important role that is he has to do division and interlinking the departments there by forming more and more stronger work unit which helps them in solving more complex problems. When dealing with the suppliers he gave me the information that he is connected to many suppliers in his place and even in the Melbourne. As the company is based on the problems and solutions coming in the information technology, they have to be provided with plenty of resources. They need various types of computer spare parts, softwares and many advanced features which were been provided to them by many suppling companies. Even they dealings with vast companies like Harvey Norman etc. He explained me the advantages and disadvantages of maintaining such large groups of suppliers. Ha stated that trust is the main factor that works between suppliers and the company administrator. Many transactions run based on the trust philosophy only. Unless they trust a supplier and use their products they can’t run the company in some situations. I support this statement that trust is the main part of the business. I can state that trust should exist not only between a supplier and the management but also at all the levels in the business sector that is it should be in between the consumer-organisation-supplier. â€Å"Supplier Relationship Management is an all-inclusive approach to managing the affairs and interactions with the organizations that supply your company with goods and services. This includes communications, business practices, negotiations, methodologies and software that are used to establish and maintain a relationship with a supplier. Benefits include lower costs, higher quality, better forecasting and less tension between the two entities that result in a win-win relationship† (Bucki. j). The author explains us that for any company the supplier management relation should be in such a way that there is a benefit from both the sides and the tools were developed to reduce the work related problems between the supplier and the managers in the company who look after all these raw materials. I totally believe with the above discussions because unless there is an adequate amount of raw materials for a company they cannot reach the level of customer satisfaction which is their main goal and the supplier also has to be loyal to the company and supply the raw materials in time there by maintaining a mutual benefit relationship between them. The next I am going to discuss the other important environmental factor the labour market. In this case as the manager already stated that he hires the employees whenever he needs, in explanation to this he gave me the information that when his regular staff are not sufficient to complete a task which was assigned to them he hires some of the software professionals from the employment centres for a shorter period of time and assigns them to work with his regular employees. Without strategic planning it is unlikely that any organisation will be able to meet successfully numerous challenges that face them† (Bryson. j. m). This shows that planning and organisation is the main crucial duties of a manager. Manager has to plan the project prior to its start and distribute the work to his employees accordingly. If a manager fails to perform this step in his level he/she may not be able to reach the target level and fails in leading the organisation and its staff. Finally for an organisation to run in the way of profits and to sustain in this present competitive word the manager has to look after many types of environmental factors some of them which are prime concerned are discussed above the other factors which influence the organisation are Technology, Natural, Sociocultural, Economic, Legal, Political, International (all of these come under external environment) and Culture management. (Draft, R. L) in my opinion manager should have the capability in controlling all these environmental factors. This company having limited employees and being a small scale company the external environmental factors may not have such a great influence. Among them only the technology has a powerful impact because it is purely a software solution company so the employees and the manager should beware of the changing trends in the technology and should be in up to date daily. Recommendations: Keeping in mind the whole interview and with my research I would like to recommend some changes this organisation should implement for better progress they are 1. Increase the employee work ratio. 2. Use of the labour market for hiring the employees should be stopped because the information in the company regarding the projects and codes should be within the company. 3. Instead of hiring the employees from the outside try to increase the regular employees which helping him in planning the work and confidentiality 4. Being a software company I think he should organise some conferences such that his employee will get more latest technical skills 5. As the work hours were longer during the day he has to create work life balance to his employees and for him he. 6. Customer satisfaction should be increased to transform this to a large scale company. Conclusion: Finally I conclude that the environmental factors influence on any organisation is very much crucial and the managerial staff any company should keep an eye on it in order to run the organisation in an admirable way. Various people who are in close relation to the organisation should work together for the mutual benefit of the organisation as well as them.